The Relationship Between Revolution, State Reform, And...

The relationships between revolution, state reform, and industrialization came in a succession form. The ideas that were brought to light during the revolutions later defined how the states were reformed. The reformed states would later take on industrialization. During the American and French Revolutions some ideas were brought up that later defined the state formations. The idea of popular sovereignty allowed for states to become more democratic. This idea to allow the people to have some authority over the sovereign was brought about by John Locke. People wanted freedom, individual freedom to be exact. In terms of political and legal equality, the idea was that all individuals would be equal under the law. State reformation began through acquiring independence. Independence was acquired by means of war and conflict. There was later American, Haitian, Brazilian, and Mexican independence. For the Haitian Revolution, a slave revolt broke out and was led by a man named Toussaint L’Ouverture. Mexico became independent due to Napoleon invading Spain and weakening the royal control of the colonies and the independence movement led by Simà ³n Bolivar. Pedro the King’s son agreed to an independent Brazil. Industrialization began through new inventions and use of material. Coal replaced the use of wood. Some of the new inventions included the fluttering shuttle, spinning mule, water driven power loom, steam power, and different modes of transportation. Social classes were formed,Show MoreRelatedHoward Spodeks Chapter 17 Notes Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 17 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BRITIAN, 1700-1860 †¢ British cotton textile industry grew into the worlds most productive; its railway network became the nation’s principal means of inland transportation and communication; and a new fleet of steam-powered ships enabled Britain to project its new productivity and power around the globe. †¢ A Revolution in Agriculture o Jethro Tull invented the seed drill that replaced to old method of scattering seeds by hand on the surface of the soil. oRead MoreUrbanization, Industrialization, Popullation1376 Words   |  6 PagesGroup Presentation Report On topic: How and Why Industrialization, Population and Urbanization are related: Social Relations, Social Control and Law? Student: Yen Hoang Keuka College How and Why Industrialization, Population and Urbanization are related: Social Relations, Social Control and Law? 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A temporary decline in employment does not outweigh the long term benefit of an economic deal such as NAFTA, which had the potential to refocus billions of dollars on goods which American industry is more efficient at producingRead MoreCommunism in the Soviet Union and Why It Failed1561 Words   |  7 PagesThey believed that the struggle between an exploiting class, the capatalists at present age, and an exploited class, the workers, would enter a crucial stage in the period of capitalism where industrialization occurs and that the effects of industrialization is to heighten and intensify the internal contradictions in capitalism. To put it bluntly they believed that the ownership of industry would be in fewer and fewer hands where the workers would plunge into a state of ever-increasing misery. TheseRead MoreUnderstanding How Social Change Has Affected Hong China1711 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom 1949 following a series of policies made by the government. They include the cooperatives, the land reforms, the production responsibility system, as well as the commune system. All of these factors have largely reshaped the relationships between the state and the peasants. A lot of perplexing and profound changes have been realized from these changes to the extent that the relationship between the two entities has become more intricate. Currently, it also forms part of the most controversial topics

Safety Management Systems And The Efficiency Provided...

Safety Management Systems and the Efficiency Provided throughout the Industry Putting in the work for an efficient and well-structured aviation safety program is well worth the cost of and risk the aviation industry may face. Risks has its costs, they are increasing with time and the aviation industry is paying for it. â€Å"Aviation safety is pretty much a people problem. The machinery we use is really pretty good, the problem is the way we use the airplane—a people problem† (Aviation Safety Programs a Management Handbook, 1976). This quote derived from a book from over forty years ago today, recognizes the need for a system to be put into play in order to help minimize this ‘people problem’. That system today is Safety Management Systems. â€Å"A systematic and explicit approach defining the activities by which safety management is undertaken by an organization in order to achieve acceptable or tolerable safety. The objective of a Safety Management System is to provide a structured management approach to control safety risks in operations. Effective safety management must take into account the organization’s specific structures and processes related to safety of operations.† (Skybary, 2016). The objective speaks for itself, it gives and organization control on issues that once seemed uncontrollable or even variable. Safety Management Systems provide and will continue to contribute to the assessment and hopeful elimination of most risks. The system’s four pillars explain theShow MoreRelatedSafety Management Systems And The Efficiency Provided Throughout The Industry1285 Words   |  6 PagesSafety Management Systems and the Efficiency Provided throughout the Industry Putting in the work for an efficient and well-structured aviation safety program is well worth the cost of and risk the aviation industry may face. 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Environmental Management Amazon Freshwater Ecosystems

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Management for Amazon Freshwater Ecosystems. Answer: Introduction Brazils 61 percent of land area is being covered by the Amazon region. The percentage is equals to 5.3 million square kilometers (Fao.org 2016). The place is home for around 20 million people and support 20% of the worlds animal and plant species (Fao.org 2016). The forests contribute to the economy of the country largely. However, the contribution of the forest in foreign trade of Brazil is just 3 to 4 percent, yet 8.6 percent of the Brazilian export is depends on the rain forest (Fao.org 2016). The employment rate of Brazil depends on the Amazon to a great deal as it provides 6.5 million jobs to the individuals of Brazil (Fao.org 2016). The south and the south-eastern part of brazil has been able to grow contribution as well as far as the agriculture is concerned mainly due to the technology available, the favorable climatic conditions and the infrastructure available to the farmers (Fao.org 2016). Recently, the tropical forest of Amazon is facing certain threats from the humankind . The threats from the humankind are eventually affecting the nature as well as the animal and people who are dependent on the forests (Waking Times 2015). The threats are in the form of: Construction of roads and the hydro-electric dams The individual cattle ranching and agriculture Mining works that includes bauxite, which is the main component of aluminum and gold Cutting of the trees for the purpose of retrieving wood from the trees Extraction of oil Farming at a small scale and other natural changes like the change in the climate The forest of Amazon used to capture 17 percent of the carbon and that helped in the regulating the temperature of the forest (Sky Rainforest Rescue 2016). However, due to the threats, it is now storing one third less of what it used to store before. As a result, the one billion tone of carbon are now being freely circulated in the air. One of the studies has predicted that by 2025, 40 percent of the forest will be destroyed mainly because of danger created by and the natural danger (Sky Rainforest Rescue 2016). The research will mainly look into the danger and threats that Amazon is currently facing due the human beings and the nature. It will further evaluate the problems faced by the plants and the animal species. The research will be helpful in understanding the perspectives of the people who are living in the Amazon region as well as the people who are living in the human regions. Project description Objectives of the research The overall objective of the research is to save the Amazon forest from being destroyed due to the advent of the human beings and its effects on the nature. The specific objectives of the research are: To reduce the deforestation of the Amazon region that is mainly used by the farmers or by illegal poachers To track the mafia who indulge in illegal timber business To enhance the eco-system by saving the endangered animal and plants species To reduce the effect of global warming, this is the biggest threat for the future Influence of the action in improving the situation of the target groups The actions to improve the situation of the target groups and final beneficiaries The target groups for the project are the plants and animal species of the eco-system. Due the global warming and the deforestation, the animal species in the eco-system are losing their home (Jantz, Goetz and Laporte 2014). The Amazon forest in Brazil is of the most famous tropical forest, which provides home to 20% of the species in the world (Fao.org 2016). Education is the best way to handle the people and help the target groups that is the animal species to live a better life (Nepstad et al. 2014). In addition to this, the negative target groups that are the timber mafia and the poachers can be handled only by educating the people living in the region. Activities and the work packages that could be implemented The actions that should be implemented to retain the sustainability of the eco-system of the Amazon region are: Stopping deforestation the Amazon forest, this will help in sustaining the eco-system of the region. The people who are living in the Amazon region should be taught about the negative effects of deforestation in their lives The farmers need to be aware of the problems of deforestation will not cause problem for the species in the eco-system; it will affect their business as well (Junk 2013). The ill effects of deforestation will have their influence in soil, which will become infertile. Once the soil in come infertile, it will in turn slow down the business of the farmers (Jantz, Goetz and Laporte 2014). The social media can come to help to save the eco-system of the Amazon region and for the betterment of the life of the people who are living in the regions (Couceiro et al. 2012). The animals and the plants are the most affected species in the Amazon region. The social media campaigning should include then dangers faced by the species and the steps taken by the individuals that could help save the animals and the plants (Rudel and Horowitz 2013). It is expected that 75 percent of the people who are using social media will come forwards to help in saving one of the most famous tropical forest the world and the rest of the population will come to know through the word of mouth (Castello et al. 2013). Once the farmers will gain knowledge about the ill effects of deforestation and will come to know that the Amazon forest will help the farmers in retaining their livelihood, then the modern techniques and tools can be introduced that will help in the enhancement of the farming (Nepstad et al. 2014). The farmers should try to introduce more eco-friendly products and tools that will help in enhancement of agriculture (Rudel and Horowitz 2013). The forest is also suffering from the illegal clutch of the poachers. The poachers are the main reason of the loss of the animals and plants from the forest and hence they should be banished from the regions (Jantz, Goetz and Laporte 2014). Once the people living in the Amazon region come to know about the threats from the poachers, chances are high that they will be successful in making the poachers leave the place (Jantz, Goetz and Laporte 2014). Expected results and the impact on the project Once the people will come to know about the danger that Amazon region is facing, there is a chance that they will become aware of the illegal activities as well as the farmers will gear up to save the place and the region (Couceiro et al. 2012). The farmer will come to know about the advanced techniques that will ultimately help them in enhancing their business and gain more profit (Junk 2013). They will use more advanced tool and agricultural techniques that will help in enhancing the eco-system of the region. The project will help the readers to become aware of the problems faced by the people in the Amazon regains and they will come forward to help the animals in the region. The project will not only help the people living in Amazon, but it will also help the world know about to know about the ill effects of deforestation and its effect on the Amazon region (Couceiro et al. 2012). Eventually, it will help in the enhancement of the climactic conditions all around the world and help the people in the world, to live a better life (Nepstad et al. 2014). The problems of global warming are beginning to affect not only the Amazon region but also the entire world. At times, those people are not even aware of the problems (Rudel and Horowitz 2013). This project will make them are of the problems and they will take precautions to make the place a better place to live in. Influence of the project on gender mainstreaming Once the forest department will aim at enhancing the eco-system of the Amazon region, the project needs to hire a number of people in different positions. People will be required for farming purpose. The project will require people who will help in saving the place from the illegal poachers and timber mafia (Castello et al. 2013). A strong security force is required to save the place. Other positions that will be open will in the administration department and people who have strong knowledge in animal rearing and plantations. There will be people who will be required for training the farmer with the new technologies and the agricultural tools. Amazon region will also require weather experts who will be able to tell about the climate changes in the place. The project will not indulge any kind of gender discriminations and will hire male and female employees in equal number (Krook and True 2012). Thus, it will be a good portrayal for the society and the people residing in urban regions will support the initiative when they will see the authorities are not discriminating based on gender (Razavi 2012). Influence of the project on special needs of the people with disabilities The people with disabilities will also be benefitted due to the projects because of the need of people in special posts. It has been already discussed the people that the project will require. The positions that will not require physical strength can hire people with the technical knowledge (Harpur 2012). It will also help in garnering the interests among the people who will come to know about the problems in the Amazon region through the social media (Harpur 2012). Methodology To implement the activities in the Amazon region to save the endangered species from extinctions, there is a need to implement the quantitative and qualitative research work. The quantitative and the qualitative research methods will help in understanding the perspectives of the individuals and will be helpful in understanding the problems in the Amazon region. The quantitative research will be in the form of surveys (Yin 2013). The survey will be carried out in the social media; the survey will mainly take into account the younger generations who will be speaking about their perspectives on the Amazon. The survey will help in understanding the degree of awareness among the people who are living in the society. On the contrary, the qualitative research will involve the interviews of the managers of different NGOs and different organizations that are involved in maintaining the forest regions (Cohen, Manion and Morrison 2013). The government officials who work in the forest department will also act as the source of information regarding the problems faced by the people. The head of the agricultural department will be also being asked about the ways the farmers work in Amazon. The quantitative research will also be helpful in understanding the perspectives of the farmers who are working in the regions (Green and Thorogood 2013). The techniques that they use while farming in the Amazon and the tools that they use for the farming process will help in understanding the current statues of Amazon. For the proper implementation of the activities, it is necessary to take the feedback of the farmers the people living in the Amazon region, the organizations that are looking after the forest (Yin 2013). In addition to this, it is necessary to check the sustainability of the animal and plant species present in the area. Result chain leading to the expected outcome Figure: the basic component of result chain (Source: Cohen, Manion and Morrison 2013) There are four components of the result chain Strategy Outcome (objective) Outcome (direct threat- objective) Impact on target (goal) The strategy that has been applied in the present project is to make the people aware of the current situation of Amazon forests. The people includes the people are staying in urban areas, the farmers who are staying at the Amazon region (Mertens 2014). The strategies that are being applied to make the people aware of the situation are through social media and general awareness among the farmers (Green and Thorogood 2013). The social media would be helpful in getting touch with the urban civilizations. As far as the farmers are concerned, they need to be told by meeting face-to-face (Schmidt and Hunter 2014). The main objective behind the strategy is to save the Amazon forests from destructions. The expected outcome from the strategies is that the people will come to know about the threats and they will take measures to protect the place. The direct threat that has been developed in the present case is the threat from the poachers and the illegal hunting of the animals that take plac e in the forests (Corbin and Strauss 2014). Some of the animals are already extinct and some are in the verge of extinctions. Hence, it is important that the people should know about the illegal works that go in the forests so that such activities could be stopped with immediate effect (Krueger and Casey 2014). In addition to this, the farmers are not aware of the latest technologies that will help in carrying out the agricultural works in a more eco-friendly manner. In such a situation, the region is at a threat even if the farmers carry out the work properly (Jantz, Goetz and Laporte 2014). The strategic implementation of the plans set for the betterment of the Amazon forests will help in the achieving the target of protecting the forests. Thus, the result chain shows the expected outcome to be a better place for the animal and the birds in the Amazon region (Krook and True 2012). It is expected that the facts that will be collected from then surveys that have been carried out in the social media and the campaign to save the Amazon will also help in gaining the attentions of the people. In addition to this, the education from the farmers working in the region will help in the better implementation of the agricultural technologies in the Amazon region (Jantz, Goetz and Laporte 2014). It is expected that the farmers will learn the new technologies and will come together to make Amazon a place free of any illegal activities (Krook and True 2012). Coordination of the project with other programs Several other organizations and online associations have the siomeilr prpheam of mprteting the Amazon regions. Out of the projects, some plan to protect the animal species, some aim to protect the plantations, while some projects aims at protecting the aboriginal settlements in the Amazon. The nature conservancy is one such association that aims at protecting the natural habitations of the world (Nature.org 2016). The mission of nature conservancy is to protect the land and water as the life of the human beings depends on that (Nature.org 2016). The nature conservancy aims at protecting the animals and pants species, sustainable farming and indigenous communities in Amazon (Nature.org 2016). Another organization is the Greenpeace International, which aims at protecting one of the indigenous communities, the Munduruku residing at the Amazon forest (Heartoftheamazon.org 2016). As the Munduruku clan is gradually decreasing, hence they have asked the government to protect the race (Heartoftheamazon.org 2016). The Greenpeace international mainly look after the aboriginal communities and tries to protect them from extinction (Heartoftheamazon.org 2016). It is important for organizations around the world to support the rain forest and help save the animal residing at the place. In addition to this, the place needs to be protected from the timber mafia so that the valuable plantations are not harmed anymore due to the human intervention. Project Options and Alternatives: Identification of the project options so that the target group situation is improved: The Amazon forest is the home of the largest variety of plant and animal species. Some of the rare species of animal and plants are found in these forests and it is the duty of the people to protect them. Since Amazon, forest is the home of tropical forest the cutting down of the trees need to be reduced. The logging companies they are cutting down the endangered forests so that it can be used for making paper and furnisher (Lee 2012). The pressure in these forests will reduce when people are concerned about using the products that has higher percentage of the recycling content. Alternative like the one the tree free paper needs to be used which is made up of hemps, kenaf, waste straw where trees are not cut for the purpose of production of paper (Gupta-Bhowon 2012). There is a need for incorporating wood efficient techniques and avoid the old growth wood products. Investments in the rainforest communities need to be increased. For example, RANs Protect an Acre Program has been creat ed so the rainforests are protected and this will help in supporting the communities of the rainforest. The program helps in ignoring the facts that there are people who depend on the forest and have lived in the forest sustainably for centuries (Gond and Moon 2012). These types of programmes will help the forest people to get some legal recognition with respect to the territories, develop economic initiative developed locally and resist the practices like that fossil fuel and logging development. The Rain Forest Action Network needs to be supported, as this will be an effective way to reduce the import of the cheap beef by many of the restaurant farms. Social Media is another viable option for communicating on the protecting of the rainforest and the animal species. Consideration of the options to tackle the problem: There are some of the best options recognised for tackling the problem of the depleting rain forest. The rain forest expands over a huge area, looking at the entire region is quite difficult, and this would incur huge cost. The supporters of the rain forests need to devise some good project plan so that it has a sound affect on the entire Amazon rainforest. Social Media is the most convenient option where in the message on securing rainforest is travelled across all parts of the world and they would be demanding less of the products on learning about the environmental consequences. The cost incurred through the campaigning through the social media is low and it expands to a large area. Social Media costs would be around 2000-3000 US dollars. The local farmers they need to be educated that rain forest plants, species are rare, and dying out of their stock might result in misbalance in the environmental concept (Sobala 2014). They need to be given scientific lessons about the environme nt and give them some practical examples so that they are able to reflect on it. Education about the environment need some focus by the government, as the private sector would not be indulged to invest on educating and training the farmers. Training the farmers would require learning tools, teacher and writing resources, which are provided by the government of Brazil at the subsidised rate so that all are able to afford (Egelston 2013). The project of training and education would be amounting to 1 to 2 billion rupees due to its geographical inconvenience and expanded area. Programmes supporting the Rainforest rejuvenation are also quite an expensive project as this helps the people to stay in peace with the Amazon forest with no harm provided to the forests (Idowu 2012). Alternative approach to improve the situation: The companies they are constantly intruding the rainforests of Amazon for the resources that are not available in other forests. The rain forest is the storehouse of essential medicines and other purposes. This is the reason for it being attracted by some of the leading firms around the world. Apart from the intervention by the government for protection the rainforests, there is a need for the corporate to include CSR strategy so that they are able to govern the environment along with the company aims and the objectives (Coombs and Holladay 2012). This type of strategy will have a positive impact in the society. With the social objective in mind , the business in mind they are able to act ethically by taking into consideration of the environmental and the social impact of their business. This would help the organization to mitigate the detrimental impact of the business on the community. There is going to be a change in the value chain so that there is more benefit for the community. The employees they have the opportunity to get involved in the social activities and the strategies learnt will be passed on to the other staffs in the workplace (Roorda 2012). With activities that is outside the normal course work , the employees they would be passionate about learning the newer perspective. The CSR activities will help in the organization growth and helps in the supporting of the employees (Prado-Lorenzo and Garci a Sa nchez 2013). The company to harness the maximum amount of benefit they are working with the local communities of the Amazon Basin so that they learn the indigenous way to extracting resources and taking into consideration the environmental needs. The rate at which the corporate extract, there is a needs to slow down. Project design reflecting the present operations and the international practices: The project has been design in such a way so that is adheres to the international practices. The project caters to one of the renowned international organization that is the World Wide Fund for Nature. WWF, nongovernmental organization has its base in the United States but works all around the world. The organization is supported by 5 million supporters and is working in almost 100 countries with thousands of project (Raven, Berg and Hassenzahl 2012). The Amazon forest projects are also controlled by their representative as this help in the keeping the global ecosystem stable. Conclusion The main objective of the research is to save the famous Amazon region from the timber mafia and stop deforestation and give the animal a better place to live in. it can be concluded that the interventions of the human beings will be able to stop the negative intervention of the human beings. The timber mafia and the poacher are the main reasons that Amazon is suffering from serious threats. However, the people of the society can stop the illegal activities in the Amazon region. The project to save the amazing regions involves the education of the farmers regarding the threats to the Amazon rain forests. The forests are the place of living as well as earning for the farmers. The campaign in the social media will help the people staying in the cities to know about the problems and they can come forward to help the people of the region. The expected outcome from the result chain shows that the proper implementation of the strategies that involves the education of the farmer and the peo ple in the urban areas will help them to achieve the final goal of saving the Amazon rain forest. Other than this particular project, the similar programs by the Nature Conservancy and the Greenpeace International have also taken steps to save the Amazon region. They have taken measures to save the animals and the plants, sustainable farming and save the aboriginal communities to make the Amazon forest a better place to live in. other than this project, there are chances of other alternative projects, which can be carried out by any private organization. By indulging in the corporate social responsibility, any private organization can come forward to save the rain forest. Then private organizations can join hands with the NGOs and help in implementing other projects that will help in saving the animals of the Amazon region. The organizations can offer monetary support to introduce special security forces that will prevent the mafia and poachers to enter the place and indulge in ille gal activities. Hence, it can be said that the project needs the support from people from different areas to save the nature and the endangered species of the nature. Proper steps and full proof approaches will help in successful implementation of the project. References Castello, L., McGrath, D.G., Hess, L.L., Coe, M.T., Lefebvre, P.A., Petry, P., Macedo, M.N., Ren, V.F. and Arantes, C.C., 2013. The vulnerability of Amazon freshwater ecosystems.Conservation Letters,6(4), pp.217-229. Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K., 2013.Research methods in education. Routledge. Coombs, W. and Holladay, S. (2012).Managing corporate social responsibility. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Corbin, J. and Strauss, A., 2014.Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications. Couceiro, S.R.M., Hamada, N., Forsberg, B.R., Pimentel, T.P. and Luz, S.L.B., 2012. A macroinvertebrate multimetric index to evaluate the biological condition of streams in the Central Amazon region of Brazil.Ecological Indicators,18, pp.118-125.Rudel, T.A. and Horowitz, B., 2013.Tropical deforestation: Small farmers and land clearing in Ecuadorian Amazon. Columbia University Press. Egelston, A. (2013).Sustainable development. Dordrecht: Springer. Fao.org. (2016).Land use. [online] Available at: https://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0440e/i0440e03.htm [Accessed 17 Jun. 2016]. Gond, J. and Moon, J. (2012).Corporate social responsibility. London: Routledge. Green, J. and Thorogood, N., 2013.Qualitative methods for health research. Sage. Gupta-Bhowon, M. (2012).Chemistry for sustainable development. Dordrecht: Springer. Harpur, P., 2012. Embracing the new disability rights paradigm: the importance of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.Disability Society,27(1), pp.1-14. Heartoftheamazon.org. (2016).Save the heart of the Amazon. [online] Available at: https://heartoftheamazon.org/?utm_source=internalutm_medium=postutm_term=tapajos%2Cheart%20of%20the%20amazonutm_campaign=Forests__surl__=IgN5o__ots__=1466161821335__step__=1 [Accessed 17 Jun. 2016]. Idowu, S. (2012).Encyclopedia of corporate social responsibility. [S.l.]: Springer. Jantz, P., Goetz, S. and Laporte, N., 2014. Carbon stock corridors to mitigate climate change and promote biodiversity in the tropics.Nature Climate Change,4(2), pp.138-142. Junk, W.J. ed., 2013.The central Amazon floodplain: ecology of a pulsing system(Vol. 126). Springer Science Business Media. Krook, M.L. and True, J., 2012. Rethinking the life cycles of international norms: The United Nations and the global promotion of gender equality.European Journal of International Relations,18(1), pp.103-127. Krueger, R.A. and Casey, M.A., 2014.Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Sage publications. Lee, G. (2012).Advances in computational environment science. Berlin: Springer. Mertens, D.M., 2014.Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology: Integrating Diversity With Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods: Integrating Diversity With Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods. Sage Publications. Nature.org. (2016).Protecting the Brazilian Amazon | The Nature Conservancy. [online] Available at: https://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/southamerica/brazil/placesweprotect/amazon.xml [Accessed 17 Jun. 2016]. Nepstad, D., McGrath, D., Stickler, C., Alencar, A., Azevedo, A., Swette, B., Bezerra, T., DiGiano, M., Shimada, J., da Motta, R.S. and Armijo, E., 2014. Slowing Amazon deforestation through public policy and interventions in beef and soy supply chains.Science,344(6188), pp.1118-1123. Prado-Lorenzo, J. and Garci a Sa nchez, I. (2013).Sustainable development. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Raven, P., Berg, L. and Hassenzahl, D. (2012).Environment. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Razavi, S., 2012. World development report 2012: Gender equality and developmentA commentary.Development and Change,43(1), pp.423-437. Roorda, N. (2012).Fundamentals of sustainable development. New York, NY: Earthscan. Schmidt, F.L. and Hunter, J.E., 2014.Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Sage publications. Sky Rainforest Rescue. (2016).Threats to the Amazon - Sky Rainforest Rescue. [online] Available at: https://rainforestrescue.sky.com/amazon-rainforest/threats-amazon [Accessed 17 Jun. 2016]. Sobala, M. (2014).Contemporary views on social participation in the context of sustainable developement of rural landscapes =. Waking Times. (2015).The 6 Biggest Threats to the Amazon Rainforest. [online] Available at: https://www.wakingtimes.com/2015/07/10/the-6-biggest-threats-to-the-amazon-rainforest/ [Accessed 17 Jun. 2016]. Yin, R.K., 2013.Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications.

Approach In Treating Schizophrenia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Approach In Treating Schizophrenia. Answer: Strength based approach in treating schizophrenia Deficit based practice have long been used for helping out the professionals for addressing the needs and the problems of gifted children. While addressing the mental health problems, a strong belief that prevails it that once the presenting problem is identified, an expert can be found and he can then fix out a prescription to cure the condition (Kapp et al., 2013). It has to be kept in mind that deficit based approaches can create dependency on outside solutions. One of the foremost problem with deficit based approach is that the interventions comes often too late superseding after the problem is already present rather than intervening to prevent the problem. Research has suggested that deficit based programs mainly focus on what the youth and the children are doing wrong and are found to be unsuccessful unlike the programs that mainly focus on the strengths of the young generation (Kapp et al., 2013). An example to this can be given such as; the zero tolerance policy towards schoo l bullying can result in increased level of suspensions without the knowledge of how the behaviors can be changed. It basically do not stop the problems of bullying, who typically spends more unnoticed and unsupervised time in the community or home. Strength based approach on the other hand moves the subject away from the weaknesses of the people and focus on strengths of the client (Amaresha Venkatasubramanian, 2012). The case study reveals the fact that the individual had been recently diagnosed with schizophrenia, which was previously believed to be the signs of autism and hence the treatment was mainly based on behavioral treatment depending upon the situation. On this context it can be said that when a health care provider portrays a gloomy picture of people having mental illness, the clients also perceives themselves negatively. According to the researchers 24 % of the people suffering from schezophrenia have scored less in self regard on the basis of Rosenberg self esteem scale (RSES) (Zargham-Boroujeni et al., 2015). In this case a positive psychotherapy can be used which will be able to focus more on the internal strengths and less on weakness, shortcomings and failures. This can help to set up a positive mindset in the patient in the scenario that will help to find own strength, improve the resilience and achieve a positive worldview. Strength based therapy can include talk therapy which can guide the patient in retelling the history of the stressors, trauma and emphasize on pain having more emphasis on the strength and survival than that of weakness (Xie, 2013). Strength based therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy, personal therapy, compliance therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy; supportive psychotherapy can be used to treat the behavioral symptoms related to Schizophrenia (Xie, 2013). Cognitive behavioral therapy has shown significant improvements in depression, negative symptoms and social functioning. CBT is again not suited for the patients who are cute sufferers. Personal therapy can be suitable to individuals who have been discharged from clinical settings. Supportive therapy can be used to counsel the patient while dealing with life issues by dealing their problems with general assistance, clarifications and reassurance (Chien et al., 2013). A paradigm shift from deficit based to strength based will help to increase the level of functioning in the patient. The quality of life will improve and the symptoms will decrease. It will bring about a change in the self image of the client (Zargham-Boroujeni et al., 2015). Highe r level of resiliency would cater to the mental well being of the patient. The primary principles of strength based approach is to utilize the strength already possessed by the patient, secondly the client has to be motivated to focus on the strengths (Rashid, 2015). Finally, the environment from where the client will derive resources to strengthen his or skills should be conducing enough. The family and the communities can help to identify the informal support system that can be provided to such patients. Meetings, social intervention gatherings and educational sessions can help the patient to share his stories with one other as well as the practitioners (Chien et al., 2013). It is essential to develop the therapeutic relationship between the consumer and the practitioner. According to researchers hardiness can be correlated negatively to mental disorders. They have also indicated the relation between the hope of recovery, strength, productive and a satisfying life style (Zargham-B oroujeni et al., 2015). It can be said that treatment of schizophrenia cannot be treated with one psychotherapy as no single method can address all the problems. A combination of cognitive remediation, illness education and social skills training along with medications can serve as the best treatment. Emotional support in handling with a disabling illness, enhancing the coping strategies for promoting functional recovery and alteration of the underneath pathophysiology are the main elements of the future psychotherapy interventions for schizophrenia. References Amaresha, A. C., Venkatasubramanian, G. (2012). Expressed emotion in schizophrenia: an overview. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 34(1), 12. Chien, W. T., Leung, S. F., Yeung, F. K., Wong, W. K. (2013). Current approaches to treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, part II: psychosocial interventions and patient-focused perspectives in psychiatric care. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9, 14631481. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S49263 Kapp, S. K., Gillespie-Lynch, K., Sherman, L. E., Hutman, T. (2013). Deficit, difference, or both? Autism and neurodiversity. Developmental psychology, 49(1), 59. Rashid, T. (2015). Positive psychotherapy: A strength-based approach. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 25-40. Xie, H. (2013). Strengths-Based Approach for Mental Health Recovery. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 7(2), 510. Zargham-Boroujeni, A., Maghsoudi, J., Oreyzi, H. R. (2015). Focusing on psychiatric patients strengths: A new vision on mental health care in Iran. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 20(3), 340346.

Home School Essays - Freedom Of Religion In The United States

Home School Before the beginning of American public schools in the mid-19th century, home schooling was the norm. Founding father John Adams encouraged his spouse to educate their children while he was on diplomatic missions (Clark, 1994). By the 1840's instruction books for the home were becoming popular in the United States and Britain. The difficulty of traveling to the system of community schools was provoking detractors. At this time, most of the country began moving toward public schools (Clark, 1994). One of the first things early pioneers did was set aside a plot of land to build a school house and try to recruit the most educated resident to be the schoolmarm. This led to recruiting of graduates Eastern Seaboard colleges to further the education oftheir children beyond what they could do at home (Clark, 1994). As the popularity of the public school movement began to rise behind Horace Mann many states soon passed compulsory-education laws. These were designed primarily to prevent farmers, miners, and other parents form keeping their kids home to work (Clark, 1994). Ironically another factor behind public schools was the desire to use them to spread Christian morality, with its concern for the larger good over individualism (Clark, 1994). Massachusetts enacted the first such laws in 1852 requiring children ages 8-14 to be at school at least 12 weeks a year unless they were too poor. The laws proved to be effective, from 1870-1898 the number of children enrolling in the public schools outpaced the population growth. Except for certain religious sects and correspondence schools home schooling remained limited for most of the 20th century. During the 1960's the hippie counterculture exploded into the scene. This culture led a revolt against the education establishment. Thousands of young Americans began dropping out of society and going back to the land to live on communes that generated the modern home schooling movement. Twenty years ago, many states did not allow home schooling. Constitutional protection has always been uncertain. The U.S. Supreme Court has never explicitly ruled on home schooling. Although in 1972, in Wisconsin v. Yoder, the Court did restrict compulsory school requirements in a limited ruling involving the right of Amish students not to attend high school (Lines, 1996). In Wisconsin v. Yoder, the Amish parents claimed that high school attendance was destructive to their children's religious beliefs and would interfere with their pursuit of the Amish way of life (Fisher, Schimmel, and Kelley, 1995). Since this ruling there have been many court cases dealing with the issue of home schooling. All 50 states allow home schooling ad 34 states have enacted specific home schooling statutes or regulations (Clark, 1994). What drives many home-schoolers are the well-documented social troubles and the declining test scores in the public schools. In 1991, the total number of children being home schooled was between 248,500 and 353,500. Many public educators feel that children who are home schooled are missing out on key learning situations that come from the public school. For instance the sciene experiments, these would be very costly to duplicate at home. Also they argue that home school children miss out on the social aspect of school. Very often they are not around many children their age and socialization does not take place. As the home schooling movement has become more widespread, state and local officials have responded with more vigorous enforcement of their compulsory education laws. As a result of this there is more litigation and new regulations. As both parents and school official's evidence increasing inflexibility, the statues play a central role in the battle over the education of the child. A secondary role is played by the courts which, in resolving the disputes between parents and the schools, must interpret and test the statutes (Chiusano 1996). Parents who are being prosecuted for instructing their children at home are attacking compulsory school attendance statues on constitutional grounds. Although no case dealing specifically with home instruction has yet reached the Supreme Court, the increased activism of the home school movement may produce a ruling in the near future (Lines, 1996). Constitutional challenges have been based on the First or Fourteenth Amendment. In many of the home instruction cases' parents have removed their children from school

Planning process in organization

Planning process in organization Introduction The business environment comprises of complex factors that require scrutiny before a decision is made concerning the environment. An organization must have a clear planning process in order to enhance its decision making. A clear planning process involves having an understanding of interrelated questions within a corporation.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Planning process in organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Early organizational planning comprises of strategy drawing, where possible environmental occurrences are considered and an appropriate course of action is determined. Strategic planning seeks to maximize on the return of resources. There is need to constantly devise a tactical approach through which objectives can be achieved since resources are limited and competition is high. Several theories enhance the decision making process in organizations. The success or failure of decision ma king either directly affects an organization through improved performance or worsens the overall performance. Decisions require constant evaluation to enable an accurate and consistent appraisal. It helps in revealing existing gaps and determining their solutions to the benefit of the organization. The business environment is continuously changing, thus keeping a close check through constant evaluation and re-evaluation provides the opportunity to identify gaps well in advance. An evaluation of decisions over time equally helps in identifying alternatives that enhance the organization’s ability to cushion against performance risks. The Decision Making Process With the advent of globalization, market integration has been created through internationalization. Organizations, therefore, compete with each other for resources and market across the globe. Market consolidation and optimization must be achieved for organizations to succeed in such operation environments. Strategic fle xibility must be created such that the organization can instantly change its course of action to suit an equally complex and fast changing business environment. This is not an easy task because nobody fully understands what the external business environment will look like in the immediate future. Thus, although strategies may be formulated with the purpose of countering external environment changes, they may end up failing to capture the actual requirement needed to attain goals.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To build strategic flexibility, a long-term commitment is needed towards developing, as well as nurturing important critical resources. I will struggle to create a learning organization that offers room for development of great skill in creating, acquiring, as well as transferring knowledge. Behavior modification within the organization must be achieved in order to replicate insights and knowledge about its operations and environment. Particular problems afflicting an organization will remain to be of great concern as a way of integrating the learning process successfully. I will carry out experiments with new approaches with a view of improving the current approach, reflect on history and past experiences in order to learn from them, and be able to quickly transfer knowledge throughout the organization in an easy manner. Strategic management My strategic management will involve four important elements that include environmental scanning, strategy formulation, evaluation and control, and strategy implementation. My strategic decisions will focus on the future of the organization, beginning with evaluation of the current performance results, review of the corporate governance, and inspection and review of the external environment. Equally, an internal evaluation and review of the corporate environment are critical before carrying out a n analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the organization. After exhausting the above activities, I will generate alternative strategies before evaluating each one of them to come up with the best alternative. This precedes the implementation phase, which is finally followed by the evaluation process. Strategic audit involves a systematic analysis of areas that encounter issues, including a question checklist comprising of the numerous functions and activities of the organization. Management and the Decision Process My decision making mandate will include executing four major functions. Other than leading the organization, I will lay out plans that will steer the firm ahead. My role will also aim at controlling the firm, as well as playing the role of organizing. I will continuously undertake the decision making process, where I will evaluate alternatives in order to achieve the set objective. The existing expectations concerning a given co urse of action will push my decision making into settling for the course of action that would most likely lead to goal attainment.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Planning process in organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I realize that as a manager, I will be operating in a highly uncertain environment that includes fluctuation in currency exchange, change in the political platform, and competitive actions, among many other aspects (De Bruijn, Heuvelhof Veld, 2010). The focus of my decision making will be on goal achievement, where I will mainly concentrate on challenges that have numerous alternatives. This will be by selecting an alternative course of action from among various alternatives (De Bruijn, Heuvelhof Veld, 2010). While doing this, I will pay attention to five important contexts, including the situation and location, the rationale, the methodology, as well as the type of decision and the parti cipants. Purpose of Decisions As a manager, I realize the fact that my role entails a rational activity that arrives at particular decisions depending on the surrounding circumstances. Past situations and experience are significant factors that shape decisions, and it is important for me to base decisions on such factors. Decisions also work towards aligning personal with professional goals to enhance organizational performance. I have to work hard to achieve this harmony because failure will imply the existence of a clash of interests. Decision making Approaches My decision making approach may borrow from two existing approaches. They include the normative, rational, or classical model, and the descriptive, bounded rational, organizational model (Flynn Currie, 2012). Following the normative approach, I will first recognize the problem, set up the objectives, and finally determine the available options. In doing this, I will evaluate the available options, select a particular optio n, and execute its implementation according to the intended objectives. After implementation, I must monitor and observe the implemented strategy closely. The cycle is a continuous one as it returns to the problem recognition stage because of the continuous nature of problems and challenges that are contained in the business environment. The figure below illustrates the working modality of a normative model. Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Source: (Flynn Currie, 2012), I will also use my cognitive talent to explore on the ability and capacity of bounded rationality. In particular, I will analyze the situation at hand before offering solutions to the problem. This will, however, require that I utilize all the available information to make quality decisions. There has to be adequate information available to make this a possibility. Both my rationality and that of the organization will be critical in achieving appropriate decisions using the bounded rationality model. Thus, the most challenging area for me will be balancing of my own rationality to ensure that the decisions I make reflect the objectives of the organization. Structure of Decisions As a human being, I realize the fact that the decision making process involves the brain, cognitive categorization, and assimilation or data integration. As a fact, the decisions that I will offer will likely be affected by factors such as emotions, intuition, stereotyping, and halo effect. However, I will always rely on critical thinking, which is an intellectual process and approach through which situations and ideas are evaluated. This will help me to counter the challenge and pressure of being personal in my thinking. I am equally aware of existing errors that may limit my critical thinking, including making quick decisions, lack of confidence in as far as decision making ability is concerned, and lack of desire and ability to think critically. Status quo stands in the way of thinking. It is the same case with anchoring, as well as framing. I have to devise ways of putting these issues into check. Ethics in Decision Making My obligation in decision making entails incorporating moral principles in the decisions they make. This will enhance benefit maximization for the prosperity of the organization (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2011). In particular, it implies that I have to be honest, trustworthy, and full of integrity when dealing with others, being attentive to all the stakeholders, building the community, and having respect for individuals. I can determine whether an act is ethical by establishing whether it is right in the first place, whether it achieves fairness, and whether it hurts others. Determining whether my own child would comfortably do the same thing, or if I would still be comfortable in case details of my decisions were made public are some of the best evaluations for ethics. Being unethical will affect my organization in several ways, including leading to bankruptcy, redundancies, loss of loyalty, and disillusionment of young talent (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2011). Theory Application on Improvement of Decision While applying theory, I will always remember the four major classifications that include virtue ethics, ethical learning and growth, deontological ethics, and teleological ethics. I will have to build principles or beliefs that disregard consequences. This will include building personal qualities tha t act as means to an end rather than ends to themselves. By considering virtue with great regard, I will often strive to do right things for the society and get the right balance between self and society’s qualities or interests. Deontological ethics If I can carry out an action as a duty, this will make it morally right. To achieve this, my main emphasis will be on duties, which refer to the actions that need to be undertaken or shunned regardless of consequences (MacKinnon, 2013). My morality is evaluated on the basis of whether the performance of the action can be done by everyone minus the occurrence of any contradiction, or whether the action considers everyone as equal entities who deserve respect other than considering respect only as a means (MacKinnon, 2013). The action rule is also subjected to scrutiny as to whether it can be accepted by rationality, both on the receiving and the giving end. Teleological or utilitarianism People will measure the good or bad in my a ctions basing on the outcomes of my acts. In this regard, more emphasis is placed on the end rather than the means to be used. There shall always be two sides in any argument that I will involve myself in. I will only develop knowledge through social dialogue and interaction with others (Graham, 2011). However, all the discourse I engage in will have to be formal in order to achieve validity. I have to maintain sincerity and truth about the content justice involved and the procedural justice. Sometimes I will be expected to rely on outcomes of an action in order to judge the action itself. Depending on the people involved in the process, I will sometimes be expected to explore how much pleasure is generated from an act because happiness or pleasure concerns the good often sought after. I also note the fact that according to Maximalism, right deeds lead to greatest good. The right deeds lead to the least undesirable result possible. This can only be achieved if I hold all individuals as equal, and when I determine the fact that they are all affected by consequences of an action or result (Graham, 2011). Ethical learning and growth There has to be change and development in my understanding for me to learn. Thus, it is not possible to achieve an ethical organization by decree. Measurement of the ethical performance is achieved through policies, ends, or outcomes. My ethical contribution will often be made in a group, while my own individual interest is what constitutes the Basic Good. Finally, covey hinges on the principle that it is always important to begin something while considering its end. Achieving public good would, thus, imply achieving a positive aspect that is considered as non-rival and non-excludable (MacKinnon, 2013). Conclusion As an organizational decision maker, the environment of operation is challenging and ever changing. The dynamic environment for business currently offers a lot of challenges to the attainment of the intended objectives. This complex environment includes political changes, economic situations, competition forces, and socio-cultural aspects. These are practical environmental factors that have a lot of potential in affecting a business positively or negatively. As a leader, I will deal with these challenges by formulating strategic plans that seek to apportion the limited resources effectively. My strategies are formulated out of decisions made in order to counter the challenges brought about by the complex business environment. Part of my decision making involves particular processes and steps, including reviewing the experiences encountered in the past and formulating alternative solutions before settling on the best suitable option. I will have to incorporate ethics in order to resonate well with the goals and objectives of the organization. This refers to the moral principles that also consider other people’s welfare within the decisions arrived at. I must consider the community and the shareho lders in my decisions in order to enhance the organization’s overall performance. I will focus on the four classifications of ethical decision making, which include deontology, ethical learning and growth, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. As a deontologist, I will anchor my decision making on the principles of justice, fairness and rights. I will also give discourse a chance. I will need to build my arguments of ethics on ethical egoism and communitarianism in order to achieve ethical learning and growth. References De Bruijn, H., Heuvelhof, E., Veld, R. (2010). Process management: Why project management fails in complex decision making processes, 2nd Ed. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2011). Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Flynn, J., Currie, D. (2012). Management decision-making in context, 2nd Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Graham, G. (2011). Theories of ethics: an intro duction to moral philosophy with a selection of classic readings. New York, NY: Routledge MacKinnon, B. (2013). Ethics: Theory contemporary issues Concise edition, 2nd ed.: Theory and contemporary issues. Boston, MA: Wadsworth

Graduation Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Graduation Speech - Essay Example It has been fun attending most of the activities while some have been challenging. I, in particular, cannot forget how I have struggled with my science subjects. At first, they were hard to comprehend but all that is now behind me. High school life have taught me lessons that I will forever remain indebted. Being patient, hardworking, and putting God first in everything I do has seen me endure the long journey. I have severally found myself on the wrong path with teachers for poor performance and unfinished assignments. I acknowledge all actions you took and believe that all were meant to mold me to be a responsible person. To the students I leave behind, I urge you to work hard in your studies and you will also graduate in the years to come. Respect your teachers and do all they ask you. Remember your parents are sacrificing their resources to have you in school. Please do your best to avoid embarrassing them. I believe St. Gabriel High School students have the potential to succeed in everything. I indeed wish you